Infection is characterized by the sudden onset of systemic. Infections due to biochemically typical yersinia enterocolitica usually present as gastroenteritis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, terminal ileitis, and septicemia often with visceral abscesses. If you require this document in another format, such as large print, please call 6512015414. Antibiotic treatment of yersinia enterocolitica septicemia. Yersiniosis, acute gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium yersinia enterocolitica, characterized by fever, oftenbloody diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Yersinia enterocolitica infectious disease advisor. Yersinia treatment chloramphenicol, streptomycin, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline are the most common first line of defense for yersinia infections. Yersiniosis usually occurs as an isolated event however occasional outbreaks are reported due to a common exposure. Yersiniosis yersinia species yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by enteric bacteria of the genus yersinia. Yersinia infection symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. The capsule is thickened, the sinuses are dilated by a proliferation of large lymphocytes, and the paracortex is expanded by numerous immunoblasts. Yersiniosis reporting and investigation guideline department of. Notifications should be made using the communicable disease notification form for metropolitan residents pdf 209kb or regional residents pdf. Yersiniosis, enterocolitis, pseudotuberculosis characteristics.
Yersinia enterocolitica, gramstained1 yersinia enterocolitica cells2 hazard identification pathogenicitytoxicity. Yersiniosis nonplague yersinia signs and symptoms fever, diarrhea, may be bloody diarrhea and pain resembling appendicitis may be erythema nodosum, postinfectious arthritis, sepsis, or rarely necrotizing enterocolitis in infants or tissue abscesses incubation usually 4 7 days, range usually under 10 days case classification. Pigs are described as the main reservoirs of the responsible microorganism, and the consumption of raw, undercooked pork is the primary mode of infection. Infection is characterised by the sudden onset of systemic. The treatment of yersinia is supportive care with hydration and nutritional support. In humans, yersinia pestis causes plague and yersinia enterocolitica causes yersiniosis.
Yersiniosis is a foodborne illness that has become more prevalent in recent years due to human transmission via the fecaloral route and prevalence in farm animals. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a gramnegative zoonotic bacterial pathogen, causes acute gastroenteritis and mesenteric lymphadenitis, which are often accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. However, numerous studies have linked this pathogen with some people who have graves disease. Yersinia enterocolitica, graves disease, and natural. But there is controversy as to whether yersinia enterocolitica is involved in the pathogenesis of graves disease, or if its just an incidental finding. In the past 10 years, this microorganism has been extensively studied in numerous publications, focusing on molecular biology, basic genetics, virulence, epidemiology and genomics. Yersiniosis yersinia enterocolitica minnesota dept. Initial evaluation revealed no pathogens and was extended to include abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography showing marked ileocecal edema and mesenteric adenopathy. Colonial growth pattern displayed by yersinia enterocolitica bacteria growing on a. See notifiable communicable disease case definitions word 1.
Common symptoms of yersiniosis in children who most often contract the disease are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which is often bloody. Children are infected more often than adults, and the infection is more common in the winter. Minnesota department of health fact sheet june 2007. Patients with yersinia triggered reactive arthritis were double blind randomly allocated to receive treatment with ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily orally or placebo during three months. Diagnosis of yersinia enterocolitica infection in cancer patients with. Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram negative coccobacillusshaped, facultative anaerobe that is motile at temperatures ranging from 22 to 30c. Of 53 documented cases of yersinia enterocolitica septicemia reported to the french national registry between 1985 and 1991, 43 files contained sufficient information on antibiotic treatment to be analyzed retrospectively. Intestinal tracts of infected animals, poultry, and humans contaminated water associated foods. Yersinia enterocolitica is a type of gramnegative bacteria which most commonly infects young children. Yersinia enterocolitica infection causes, symptoms. Yersinia enterocolitica a gramnegative coccobacillus in the family enterobacteriaceae. Her belly is tender to palpation in the right lower quadrant. Yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis synonym or cross reference.
In these instances, the isolates have been biochemically typical. A bedside abdominal ultrasound shows a normal appendix. Yersiniosis usually is diagnosed by detecting the organism in the stool of an infected person. Yersinia enterocolitica causes several agespecific syndromes and a variety of other less commonly reported clinical illnesses. On physical exam, the girl has sunken eyes and dry mucous membranes. Yersinia species are commonly found in a wide variety of animals, birds and environmental sources. Yersinia enterocolitica is an uncommon cause of diarrhea. Hashimotos thyroiditis and yersinia enterocolitica infection. Yersinia enterocolitica infection is characterized by enteritis, enterocolitis particularly in children, fever 39. Infection can be acquired from contaminated food, especially raw or undercooked pork, unpasteurized milk, untreated.
Infection is characterised by the sudden onset of systemic symptoms such as fever and painful swelling of lymph. Y enterocolitica causes a condition called enterocolitis, which is an inflammation of the small intestine and colon that occurs, and often recurs, mostly in young children. Care in patients with y enterocolitica infection is primarily supportive, with good nutrition and hydration being mainstays of treatment. Symptoms typically develop 4 to 7 days after exposure and may last 1 to 3 weeks or longer. Yersinia enterocolitica microbiologia e higiene dos alimentos. Yersiniosis yersinia enterocolitica infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control 6512015414 tddtty 6512015655. Yersinia enterocolitica an overview sciencedirect topics. Yersinia infection including symptoms, treatment and.
Several cultureindependent diagnostic tests cidts are now available and have more than doubled the detection rate of yersinia spp. Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis has been reported following the transfusion of blood that has been stored for more than 3 weeks at 39f 4c. A bacterium that causes an infectious disease called yersiniosis. Yersinia enterocolitica microbiologia e higiene dos.
Common symptoms in children are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which is. In the united states, most human illness is caused by one species, y. Health, healthy living and seniors by laboratory or health care professional. Yersinia infection including symptoms, treatment and prevention yersinia infection yersiniosis is a bacterial infection of the bowel intestine usually caused by yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica is a member of the yersinia family of bacteria. Yersinia pestis the causative agent of human plague, yersinia enterocolitica the causative agent of yersiniosis, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. A yersinia enterocolitica e responsavel por varias doencas no homem, desde diarreias ate pseudoapendicite. Notifications should be made using the communicable disease notification form for metropolitan residents pdf 209kb or regional residents pdf 209kb. The causative agents include the gramnegative organism y. Gastroenteritis is the main way of presentation with reported manifestations of watery or bloody diarrhea, vomiting, tenesmus, abdominal pain, and fever.
Sep 27, 2018 yersinia enterocolitica see the image below is a bacterial species in the family enterobacteriaceae that most often causes enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, terminal ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and pseudoappendicitis but, if it spreads systemically, can also result in fatal sepsis. Treatment and prevention of yersinia enterocolitica and. Aug 14, 2015 yersinia infection is a notifiable infectious disease in western australia. All patients had at least two positive cultures of blood collected before the initiation of treatment. Yersinia enterocolitica microbiology medbullets step 1. Yersiniosis is an infection caused most often by eating raw or undercooked pork contaminated with yersinia enterocolitica bacteria. Yersinia enterocolitica is a wellrecognized cause of abdominal pain and diarrhea in scandinavia and northern europe. Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium, yersinia. Yersinia enterocolitica is a bacterium that causes an illness called yersiniosis. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain may mimic appendicitis, and. The organism can also be recovered from other sites, including the throat, lymph nodes, joint fluid, urine, bile, and blood. The organism can also be recovered from other sites, including the throat, lymph.
Yersinia enterocolitica is a gramnegative, bacillusshaped bacterium, belonging to the family yersiniaceae. Yersiniosis is the name of the disease caused by yersinia in humans. Yersinia enterocolitica infection presenting as chronic. Yersinia enterocolitica infection is a disease which could be seen all over the world. Infection with y enterocolitica typically manifests as fever and diarrhea in young children. Health care providers should consider yersinia enterocolitica in the differential diagnosis. If yersiniosis is suspected, the clinical laboratory should be notified because cold enrichment, alkali treatment, or plating on cin agar can be used to increase the likelihood of a positive culture. Yersinia infection symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. Descriptive study in which the clinical microbiology laboratory reported all positive yersinia cultures to the infection control depart. Sepsis and siderosis, yersinia enterocolitica and hereditary. Yersiniosis disease fact sheet series what is yersiniosis. Diarrhea caused by yersiniosis generally goes away on its own, though in some cases antibiotics are prescribed.
It is motile at temperatures of 2229 c 7284f, but becomes nonmotile at normal human body temperature. If you use an effective treatment for yersinia and then retest the blood and it is still showing active infection, this may mean that the positive test was actually for a virus or lyme disease. This bacterium is not part of the human microbiota, but has been isolated from clinical specimens along with many other animals including pigs, cattle, birds, and domestic animals. Yersinia enterocolitis mimicking crohns disease in a. Centers for disease control and prevention cdcimage number. A temporary rash called erythema nodosum also may appear on the skin, and the disease can lead to a temporary arthritis of the knees, ankles, or wrists. Yersinia enterocolitica photomicrograph of gram stain of yersinia enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis. Rosens emergency medicine 8th edition vol 1 pg 12451246. Yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Meanwhile, she is given supportive care for treatment. Yersinia enterocolitica infections in hospitalized patients and to determine the frequency of hospitalacquired infection and the modes of transmission within the hospital. Many laboratories do not routinely test for yersinia, so it is important to notify laboratory personnel when yersiniosis is suspected so that special tests can be done. Milk from creamworks creamery in waymart, pa is the suspected source. The specificity of the lipopolisacharydes and released proteins yop of yersinia was tested using the sera of rabbits immunised with pathogenic and nonpathogenic strain of y.
In infants, however particularly those who are 3 months old or younger it can develop into bacteremia. Yersiniosis is a disease caused by the bacterium yersinia enterocolitica. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence, course, effects of treatment and outcome of patients with yersinia enterocolitica infections. Yersiniosis is an uncommon diarrheal disease caused by a group of bacteria called yersinia. Relapsing disease and, rarely, necrotizing enterocolitis also have been described. Natural cure for yersinia and alternative treatments. Yersinia diagnosis grams stains can detect gram negative rods, and in some cases, identify the double curved shape of yersinia. May 26, 2016 yersiniosis usually is diagnosed by detecting the organism in the stool of an infected person. Further screening may come in the form of antif1 serology tests, which can distinguish between the different yersinia species. C, watery stools, abdominal pain and acute mesenteric lymphadenitis which may mimic appendicitis. Septicemia carries a high mortality rate and should therefore be treated with antibiotics.
Treatment of y enterocolitica infection is usually supportive and directed at maintaining euvolemia. Yersinia enterocolitica see the image below is a bacterial species in the family enterobacteriaceae that most often causes enterocolitis, acute diarrhea, terminal ileitis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and pseudoappendicitis but, if it spreads systemically, can also result in fatal sepsis. These same articles do not mention chron ic diarrheal disease as a manifestation of yersinia enterocolitica infection, although this is described in. Yersinia enterocolitica infection is often associated with acute diarrheal disease, the rheumatology literature adequately stresses this 8,9,11,12. Yersinia enterocolitica pennsylvania department of health. Infection is characterized by the sudden onset of systemic symptoms such as fever and painful swelling of lymph. Treatment of mice with iron and an iron chelator, desferrioximine b, prior to i. Pdf antimicrobial resistance in yersinia enterocolitica.
Yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis msdsonline. Yersinia enterocolitica lacks a siderophore and growth is enhanced in the presence of a hemerich environment with high concentrations of iron. Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children request pdf. Yersiniosis is primarily caused by yersinia enterocolitica and less frequently by yersinia. The plague bacillus y pestis is transmitted to people mainly by the bites of infected fleas. Yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis are bacterial infections that are uncommon, but can cause problems when they occur.
Infection with yersinia pseudotuberculosis is uncommon and causes similar symptoms to yersiniosis. Yersiniosis is an infection caused by the bacteria yersinia enterocolitica that is found in the feces of infected people and animals and in some types of food. It is relatively uncommon with about 1012 cases reported in wisconsin annually. Pdf yersinia enterocolitica are zoonotic bacteria, capable of being transmitted from animals to humans via ingestion of contaminated products. The diagnosis was made by serology specific iga and igg antibodies to yersinia outer membrane proteins yops, positive culture, andor demonstration of yersinia enterocolitica antigen in colon biopsy. The bacterium that causes plague, yersinia pestis, is also in this family. Yersinia enterocolitica infection presents a wide clinical spectrum. Common symptoms are fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain, but. Infants who contract yersiniosis are usually treated in a hospital.
However, antibiotics may be used to treat more severe or complicated yersinia enterocolitica infections. Yersinia enterocolitica treatment yersinia enterocolitica infection usually goes away on its own without antibiotic treatment. In vitro studies yersinia susceptibilities vary with the serotype, and therapeutic decisions should be guided by the susceptibility pattern of the clinical isolate 1. Yersinia enterocolitica, an enteropathogenic species belonging to the genus yersinia, is widely distributed in nature and affects both humans and animals. Yersinia infections in northeastern pennsylvania summary an outbreak of yersiniosis cases in northeastern pennsylvania focused in wayne county is being investigated. Yersinia infection is a notifiable infectious disease in western australia. Yersinia enterocolitica can cause illness ranging from selflimited enteritis to lifethreatening systemic infection. Yersinia enterocolitica is a facultatively anaerobic, nonlactosefermenting, gramnegative rod belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae.
Cholera and gastroenteritis caused by noncholera vibrio species. A temporary rash called erythema nodosum also may appear on the skin, and the disease can lead to a temporary arthritis of the knees. Yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections enteritis and other illnesses. Yersiniosis usually results from eating contaminated food, especially raw or undercooked pork products. In the united states, yersiniosis is usually caused by a single species, yersinia enterocolitica. Infection with yersinia pseudotuberculosis is uncommon and causes similar symptoms to yersiniosis the plague bacillus y pestis is transmitted to people mainly by the bites of infected fleas. Yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis material safety data sheet infectious substances section i infectious agent name.
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